Essentials:
1. Every listed company in Real Stock Exchange (RSE) must declare at least 50% of Net Profit as dividend each year.
2. Every listed company must clarify each year that what they are going to do with Reserve & Surplus they set aside from Net Profit.
3. Increment or decrement in stock price is realized after the listed companies publish their quarterly report.
4. Every stock in RSE is as liquid as money and it can be liquidated in any bank—which is also a member of RSE.
5. Every listed company must publish quarterly and annual financial report.
6. Regulatory body of RSE such as Securities and Exchange Board of Nepal (SEBON) shall only analyze financial report of listed companies, find truthfulness of report and notify investors about the financial standing of company.
How Real Stock Exchange (RSE) works?
RSE works on real price discovery not artificial pricing method. Though artificial pricing method enables investors to enjoy leverage—the mechanism through which investors can borrow more money from the stock than its real price—it is harmful in long run as astute investors pile up large sum of money through leverage and there will be certainly huge gap between have and have not. RSE strives to make such capital market—which is as liquid as money, develops slowly but makes strong foundation, has least chance of collapsing and least chance of fraud and cheating.
We all know, this concept cannot be materialized in big and well established capital markets such as United States and United Kingdom—where most of the corporates and individuals—who are morbidly rich runs the show. To materialize this concept in US—there must be permanent collapse of capital market and that regulatory body comes up with understanding that current price discovery and leverage method does not work in long run. We have to agree that with current mechanism of capital market there is no ‘long run’ at all. That said, this concept can be easily materialized in most of the least developed countries—where capital market is not grown up completely. Fortunately, in Nepal, most of the listed companies are from financial sector and they are well regulated. Therefore, Nepal can adopt RSE method of pricing discovery for vibrant and strong capital market—which develops slowly but builds such a strong pillar that the capital market survives for very long.
How pricing is discovered?
First, we have to understand that RSE is not a company or organization but a mechanism. Imagine that there are three companies listed in RSE. Look at the Balance Sheet of those companies given below:
Nabil Bank Limited
Capital & Liabilities Assets
----------------------------- -----------------------------------
Paid up capital 100
(10 shares of 10 each)
Reserve & Surplus 50
Standard Chartered Bank (SCB) Limited
Capital & Liabilities Assets
----------------------------- -----------------------------------
Paid up capital 100
(10 shares of 10 each)
Reserve & Surplus 100
Global Bank Limited
Capital & Liabilities Assets
----------------------------- -----------------------------------
Paid up capital 100
(10 shares of 10 each)
Reserve & Surplus 150
Real price = (Paid up capital + Reserve & Surplus)/No of shares
Real price of Nabil = (100+50)/10 = 150/10 = 15
Real price of SCB = (100+100)/10 = 200/10 = 20
Real price of Global = (100+150)/10 = 250/10 = 25
Imagine Nabil Bank earns net profit of 100, Standard Chartered earns profit of 50 and Global Bank earns loss of 100 in first quarter of 2019. Then, their adjusted Balance Sheet looks like this:
Nabil Bank Limited
Capital & Liabilities Assets
----------------------------- -----------------------------------
Paid up capital 100
(10 shares of 10 each)
Reserve & Surplus 50
Net Profit (1st Quarter) 100
Standard Chartered Bank (SCB) Limited
Capital & Liabilities Assets
----------------------------- -----------------------------------
Paid up capital 100
(10 shares of 10 each)
Reserve & Surplus 100
Net Profit (1st Quarter) 50
Global Bank Limited
Capital & Liabilities Assets
----------------------------- -----------------------------------
Paid up capital 100
(10 shares of 10 each)
Reserve & Surplus 150
Net Profit (1st Quarter) (100)
Now updated real price of
Nabil = (100+50+100)/10 = 250/10 = 25
SCB = (100+100+50)/10 = 250/10 = 25
Global = (100+150-100)/10 = 150/10 = 15
Quotes in Real Stock Exchange (RSE) after adjustment
Nabil 25
(+10) SCB 25 (+5) Global 15(-10)
We
now understand that our stock is traded in RSE as per the real price discovery—the
price which is obtained by adding paid up capital and reserve & surplus and
then dividing such sum by numbers of shares. Further, we deal with two
important problems after the stock is traded in real price discovery mode:
1.
How to make each certificate as liquid as money? What
would be the clearing mechanism?
2.
How to deal with the leverage enjoyed by stockholders in
existing gambling and unpredicted model of capital market?
Our
one of the goal of capital market is to stop cheating, fraud and manipulation
by astute investors in existing model. Just as value of money is determined by
printing its actual value in paper or coin, value of share is determined by the
summation of paid up capital and reserve & surplus and dividing such
summation by number of shares. We already mentioned investor should hold their
stock for at least three months to enjoy gain/loss after the company publishes
its quarterly report. The nation which is economically strong & vibrant and
has strong regulatory and compliance mechanism can decrease this duration to
month or even a week.
Moreover,
in RSE model of market we don’t have middlemen. Middlemen are such a burden
that they steal healthy chunk of money from investors and they likely to force
the market to create bubble because middlemen are always unproductive. By use
of technology there should be direct contact between investors and investee to
make the dream of establishing RSE true. For that reason, our idea is that each
and every public company should establish “share adjustment department” – which
look after the buying, selling and payment of shares & dividend.
How “share
adjustment department” works?
First,
it pays the dividend. Second, it helps investor buy and sell the stock in
following way:
Imagine
the investor has bought 1 share of following company with following financial
standings on 1st January 2019:
Nabil
Bank Limited as on 1st Jan 2019
Capital
and Liabilities Assets
--------------------------- --------------
Paid
up capital 100
(10
shares of 10 each)
Reserve
& Surplus 50
Real
price of Nabil = (100+50)/10 = NPR 15
Now,
investor wants to sell his stock on April 1st 2019.He first needs to
write following application to “share adjustment department” of Nabil Bank:
1st
April 2019
Manager
Share
Adjustment Department
Nabil
Bank Limited
Request for sale
of shares
Dear
Sir,
I
would like to request to sell my 1 share of Nabil Bank Limited which has market
value of NPR [(paid up capital + reserve & surplus + recent quarter
profit/loss)/number of shares]*1.
Name:
Signature:
After
this request is made the company analyzes recent financial standings of company
which is as follows:
Nabil
Bank Limited as on 1st April 2019
Capital
and Liabilities Assets
--------------------------- --------------
Paid
up capital 100
(10
shares of 10 each)
Reserve
& Surplus 50
Recent
quarter Net profit/Loss 50
Real
price of Nabil = (100+50+50)/10 = NPR 20
Now,
the company enters the selling request to RSE software platform. Imagine that
another investor wants to buy the 1 share of Nabil Bank Limited and writes
following application:
1st
April 2019
Manager
Share
Adjustment Department
Nabil
Bank Limited
Request to buy shares
Dear
Sir,
I
would like to request to buy 1 share of Nabil Bank Limited which has market
value of NPR [(paid up capital + reserve & surplus + recent quarter
profit/loss)/number of shares]*1.
Name:
Signature:
After,
the company enters the buying request to RSE software platform. RSE software matches
the buying and selling quotes and deposit value of the share to seller’s bank
account whereas buyer’s account is credited with 1 share.
Most
conspicuously, further interesting mechanism of RSE is that the investor can
directly liquidate her shares to any bank by surrendering her shares. Following
is the example of share certificate—which is as liquid as money:
Here, we have to understand that all listed companies, ‘A’
class banks, RSE and central bank are interconnected with the combine system of
RSE. Once an authorized person enters the certificate number to the system—the system
will show actual value of shares on that day and thus the authorized person
will pay the sum to individual and cancel out the shares.
Now, we answer second question: how to deal with the
leverage enjoyed by shareholders in existing gambling and unpredicted of model
of capital market?
The room
for new mechanism: The Leverage Maker
We at RSE, understand the importance of leverage to make
vibrant and strong capital market. We also understand the dangers of leverage
created from existing gambling/ unpredictable model of capital market.
Therefore, we suggest establishing separate financial institution—the leverage
maker—which is 100% subsidiary of ‘A’ licensed bank. The main purpose of
leverage maker is to grant leverage to investors by forecasting future real
price of company by analyzing complete dimension of company. For example, Nabil
Bank has paid up capital of 100 and reserve & surplus of 50. On 1st
January 2019 real price of Nabil is 15. By analyzing profit growth rate,
expansion of company, future plans, future loss, quality of management, quality
of board of directors, quality of promoters, trust of investors and depositors
and so forth for next 10 years one share of Nabil can be valued at NPR 150
today. Here the total leverage amount equals forecasted price minus real price
amounting to NPR 135. Now, the leverage makers can grant loan of NPR 150—which is
payable in 10 years by investors after taking share certificate as collateral.
We strongly believe that the capital market becomes strong, vibrant and
manipulation free if leverage is managed by ‘A’ class licensed financial
institution rather than by whimsical, unpredictable and gambling mechanism of
existing capital market. Finally, let’s separate gambling from capital market!
This document is licensed under GNU General Public License.
Original Creator: Matrika Babu Pokhrel
Comments
Post a Comment